Pulsating mechanism



H. MCCORNACK.

PULSA-[ING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION HLED JuLY 2,1917.

`. Patented Oct. 4, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET H.'McCORNACK.

PULSATING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED IULY 2,1917.

1,392,346, Patented Oct. 4, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ggg Elftown/16 H. MCCORNACK.

PULSATING MECHANISM.

` APPLICATION FILED IuLY 2,19I7.

Patented Oct. 4, 1921.

SSHEETS-SHEET 3.

E 'IGI 8 IIIIIII!! H. MCCORNACK.

P ULSATING MECHANISM. APPLICATION FILED IuLY 2,1917.

l Patented Oct. 4, 1921.v

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

FIG., IO

H; MCCORNACK.

PULSATING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2.1917.

l Patented Oct. 4, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Vil

FIG. I5

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HERBERT MCOORNACK, OF BLOOMFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGN OR T0 EMPIRE CREAMSEPARATOR COMPANY, v0F BLOOMF-IELD, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION 0F NEWJERSEY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oct. 4., 1921.

Application led .Tuly 2, 1917. Serial No. 178,078.

T o all/whom t may concern.

l Be it known that I, HERBERT MCCORNACK, a citizen of the United States,residing at Bloomfield, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful -Improvements in P'ulsating Mechanism,of which the following is a specification. l

This invention relates to mechanism actu.- ated by inequalitiesY influid pressure for producing a pulsating, intermittent or reclprocatingaction and particularly to mechanism of this character adapted for use1n cow milkin machinery.

Among t 1e objects of the present invention are to provide a mechanismof this character which shall be certain and regular in operation, whichmay be readily adjusted as to rateand character of pulsations produced,which shall be durable, which may be easily taken apart for cleaning orrepair and which may be manufactured at a moderate cost. In connectionwithvcow milking machinery particularly, an attain*- ment of theseobjects is of the utmost im` portance. Certainty and regularity of op'-eration are necessary in order to avoid the danger of injury to the cow.Durability is also of the highest importa-nce owing to the conditions ofuse of such machines on farms or dairies, often in remote localitieswhere form of the invention applied thereto. 2 is a vertical sectionalview through the expert services for repair and new parts for pulsatormechanism showing the parts vin whatma be referred to as the firstposition in th similar view showin a second or intermediate position oft e parts. Fig. 4 shows the third or final position of the parts beforethey return to the position shown in Fig. 2. ig. 5 is a horizontalsectional 'igure 1I lis a e cycleof operation. Fig, 3 is ay view of themechanism taken on line V-V of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a detail view of thehandle shown in Fig. 1. Fi 7 is a lan view of the adjustable' air inetcap. igs. 8 and 9 are vertical sectional views illustrating a modifiedconstruction and showing moving parts at the lower and upper ends oftheir strokes respectively. Fig. 10 is a vertical sectional view, partsbeing shown in elevation, illustrating another possible modifica-tion ofthe invention. Fig. 11 is a vertical sectional view, showing anotherpossible modification. Fig. 12 is a plan view, partly in section'ofanother modification. Fig. 13 is-a vertical central section ofthepulsator shown in Fig. 12.

Referring to the drawings in detail and particularly to F ig.- 1, theinvention is here shown as applied to a cow milking machine. The numeral1 designates the milk pail on which fits the tight cover 2. Thepulsatory 3 is preferably mounted on the cover. While the inventionmaybe employed in connection with systems utilizing a pressure greater thanatmospheric, in the present instance the invention is shown as adoptedto asystem of the vacuum type. A vacuum main is shown at 4 to which thepulsator is connected by a flexible pipe 5 which is attached to anipple6 at the end of the suction pipe 7 A branch pipe 8, which also forms thecasing of a check valve, leads to an opening in the milk pail cover 2.The lower end of the branch ipe 8 is received within a recess 9 in a busing 10, which is'mounted in a hole in the cover, this bushing alsoformin a valve-'seat 11 for a check valve 12. he check valve ispreferably inthe form of a cylindrical rod suitably'shaped at its lowerend to engage they valve seat and preferably guided by slidin in anopening in a bushing 13. j The valve eing of the same diameterthroughout, is very easy to construct and it may be put in place orremoved by simply sliding it through the bushing 13. It is retained inits chamber by the' cap 14.

When suction is applied through the pipe k5, the check valve is raisedand the air ex- ,the outer chambers.

which receive the cows teats are connected by means of the branches 18of the claw or manifold 19, with the milk pipe 20, which dischargesthrough the milk cock 21 directly into the milk pail. It will be seenthat as the air is continuously exhausted from theinterior of the milkpail through the branch pipe 8, constant suction will be applied throughthe pipe 20 to the inner chambers of the teat cups. The outer chambers,or spaces between the inflations 17 and casings 16, are connectedthrough the branches 22 of the claw and the pipe 23 with one of thenipples 24 of the pulsator. Through the action of the pulsator, to bedescribed, conditions of partialvacuum and atmospheric pressures arecaused `alternately to exist in lIn the construction illustrated, thepulsator is shown as provided with two nipples 24, so that two sets ofteat cups may be operated at one time, but it is obvious that this isnot essential. The operations of milking as performed by an apparatus ofthis character are well understood and need not be discussed in detail.Briefly, it may be stated that the continuous suction in the innerchambers of the cups draws the milk from the teats, while theintermittent suction and atmosphericy pressure in the outer chambersresults in the collapsing of the lining so as to compress or massage andrelieve the teat, preventing congestion thereof and continuous drain u nor injury to the cow., It is important t at the pulsating action beregular and capable of adjustment. n

Taking up now the pulsator itself, with which the present invention isparticularly concerned, this comprises a casing 30, which is provided atits lower end with a flan 31, which rests upon a seat 32 on the mi kingmachine cover, the flange being secured to the seat in any suitablemanner as by means of the screws 33'. In Figs. 1 to 5 the casing isshown as a built-up construction comprislso ing a drawn lmetal shell l34with a core 35 lforced tightly thereinto. This construction possesesmany advantages from a manufacturin point of view as the shells can bereadi y and cheapl formed by a press while the cores are easi y producedin an automatic screw machine. Manifestly the casing may bemade in anyother suitable way, however, for instance as an integral die-castin asshown at 30l in Figs. 8 and 9 and 30b 1n Fig. 11.y A chamber36 is formedin the lower end of the casing and in this chamber is mounted a flexiblediaphragm 37 prefrable and resilient material.

erably formed of spring steel or other du- The j diap hragm is securedin place in any suitable communicatin manner, for instance by havingits, margin 38 clamped between the flange 31 and the seat 32, a yieldingpacking ring 39 being introduced if deslred. The diaphragm is preferablySo shaped that the central part arches downwardly, as indicated at 40 inFig. 2, the diaphragm being shown as inversely cupped, so as to standabove the seat 32, and as being provided with annular corrugations 41,which tend to increase its flexibility and resiliency. Atmosphericpressure is at all times admitted to the space 42 below the diaphragm,channels 43 in the seat 32, being provided for the urpose. The casing 30is hollow and has in its lower end al screw threaded bore orchamber 45which receives a correspondingly threaded plug 46. Mounted toreciprocate in a hole 1n this plug is a plun er 47, which is providedwith an interme iate flange or shoulder 48 and which is formed above theshoulder into a portion of reduced diameter 49, constituting a valvestem,which extends up through the casing.

Above the bore 45.is a suction chamber 50 into which opens the suctionpipe 7 through which the air is continuously exhausted from the chamber.Above the suction chamber is another'chamber 51 into which lead thenipples 24, the passages 52 communicating with these-nipples beingpreferably arthe chamber 51 and permit free communication to thenipples. It will be seen that `the axes of the passages 52 do not passthrough the center of the opening in the casing but to either sidethereof. In the top of the casing is a chamber 53 which is open to theatmosphere. There are openings between the chambers 50 and 51 and, 51and 53, valve seats 54 and 55 being formed around these openings,respectively. A passageway is also provided between the chamber 51 andthe chamber 36 above the diaphragm, this assageway being shown ascomprising 4a ole 56 extending from the chamber 51 into a ve'rticalbore57, which is internally screw-threaded at the upper end and reduced inldiameter at the lower end, so as to providek avalve seat 58, the bore atits lower end with the chamber 36. n this bore screws an adjusting screwor needle valve 59 having a coneshaped end 60 adapted to coperate withthe seat 58 and wh1ch is bent over at the upper end, as indicated at 61,or otherwise suitably'shaped, so as to be readily turned to adjust theamount of opening between the end 60 and the seat 58. The adjustingscrew may advantageously be sprung slightly out of a straight line so asto give it avery ,slightI curvature, which will cause `it to bind in thescrew-threaded bore, this ing the va lve.

Communication between the chamber 51 and the suction chamber 50 iscontrolled by a suction valve slidably mounted on the valve stem 49.This valve is supported in its position on the valve stem and isactuated by a spring 66, which rests on the collar 48. The normal oruntensioned length of the spring is such that when the diaphragm andvalve stem are in normal position as shown in Fig. 2, the valve 65 willbe supported on the upper end of the spring slightly below the seat 54.

Communication between the chamber 51 and the chamber 53 is controlled byan air valve 67 adapted to seat on the valve seat 55 and which isprovided with a recess 68 which receives the upper end of the valve stem49. This 'recess 68 is of such depth that when the valve stem is in theposition shown in Fig. 2, a clearance is allowed between the end of thevalve stem and the end wall of the recess. A removable cap 69 ispreferably fitted in the end of the chamber 53 to prevent the valve 67from dropping out if the device is inverted, and perforated to permitair to enter the chamber 53. Preferably the construction is such thatthe rate of flowof air into the chamber may be adjusted so as to modifythe s ueezing action of the teat cups, as wil be more fully explainedhereafter. The construction shown for this purpose consists in pivotinga perforated valve disk 70 on the top. By turning the disk on the capthe perforations 71 in the disk may be brought into more or lesscomplete registrationv with the perforations 72 in the cap, so as toregulate the size of the openings through which the air may enter.

Considering now the operation of the pulsator, the parts will normallystand in the position indicated in Fig. 2. The diaphragm is formed so asto normally occupy the shape here shown. If the air be now exhaustedthrough the pipe 7 from the chamber 50, it will be seen that owing tothe valve 65 being open the air will also be exhausted from the chamber51, ni ples 24 and the connections .therefrom to tlhe outer chambers ofthe teat cups. This will cause the teat cup lining 17 to be drawn intothe outward or open osition indicated in Fig. 1. The air will a so beexhausted through the passagewa 56, 57 from the space 36- above thediapliragm, the exhaustion of the last-named space taking placegradually owing' to the. small opening between the ,valve 60 and itsseat 58. The time required to exhaust the chamber 36 to the necessarydegree may be nicely determined by adjust- As a condition of atmosphericpressure exists in the space 41 beneath the diaphragm, it will be seenthat the diaphragm will be quickly subjected to unequal pressures on itslower and upper surfaces, the pressure below the diaphragm being thegreater. Owing to the stiffness of the diaphragm, however, and to itsdownwardly arched shape,

it will not immediately yield to this unbal- 70 anced pressure but willmaintain its shape until the pressure below it exceeds the pressureabove it suiciently to overcome its initial resistance to bendlng. Assoon as this resistance has been overcome, however,iit will immediatelycollapse or reverse its curvature to the full extent of its upwardmovement. This will be true because the resistance of the diaphragm toflexure is the greatest when it is downwardly arched, as shown in Fig. 2and decreases as soon as it is forced out of this arched shape.Furthermore, the movement of the diaphragm is comparatively small, sothat the sudden slight decrease in the volume of the chamber 36 causedby the upward movement of the diaphragm is not enough to cause thevpressure to build up in this chamber to an extent sufiicient to preventthe full upward ymainder of its range of movement during which theresistance to fiexure is less.

As the diaphragm moves up, it carries with .it the plunger 47 and thevalve stem 49. The first effect of this movement is to cause the collar48 to lift the spring 66 and with it the valve 65 so as to close thelatter, as shown in Fig. 3. Owing to the clearance space between the endof the valve stem and the end of the recess in the valve' 67, the valve65 will close before the valve 67 o ens. The condition shown in Fig. 3,is, owever, but an instantaneous one as the diaphragm passes immediatelyinto its extreme upper position, as shown in Fig. 4. The further upwardmovement of the plunger and valve stem, which` now takes place, causesthe spring 66 to-be compressed, thus holding the Valve 65 firmly againstits seat, and the end of the valve stem 1s also brought into engagementwith the end of the recess in the valve 67 and so lifts the latter awayfrom its seat. The chamber 51 is now out off from the suction and airrushes in through the holes in the cap 69 and under the valve 67breaking the vacuum in the chamber 51 and outer chambers of the teatcups. As the suction is still applied to the inner chambers of the teatcups, the linings of the latter are collapsed, having the action otherpurposes and .it is also exceedingly already referred to. The airadmitted to eflicient from the point of view of durabilthe chamber 51also passes down through the ity which adapts it particularly to use 1npassageway 56, 57 into the space 36, thus situations where it issubjected to steady and equalizing the pressure above and below thecontinuous faction. The latter result foldiaphragm and permitting thelatter to lows from the fact that the movement of spring back to itsnormal position shown in the various parts is slight and from the fur-Fig. 2; This will, of course, permit the ther fact that the valves seatand unseat by plunger and valve stem to return to the a movement towardand from their seats position of Fig. 2, under the influence of insteadof by a sliding movementy as 1n gravity and of the spring 66, which willpermost prior milking machine pulsator valves. mit the valve 65 to openand the valve 67 The chief advantage in the principle of to close andthe operation above described operation referred to resides in the factto be repeated. Thus acontinuous pulsating that the suction of valve 65closes beor reciprocating movement of the plun er fore the air inletvalve 67 opens and vice and valve stem is producedy and a regu ar versa,so that there is never a continuous pulsation of ressure in the teatcups is esopen passage from the atmosphere to the tablislied. T eoperations will continue as suction chamber or source of vacuum. In

' teat cup linin long as suction is applied and the rate at this way, nodirect leakage of air can take which the pulsations will take yplace maybe place tending to reduce the vacuum and adjusted through a wide rangeby simply throwing an additional burden on the vacturning the screw 59to open or close more uum producing instrumentalities. or less thepassageway leading to the cham- While the embodiment of the inventionber 36. above described is the one which I now pre- AThe action of theconstruction described fer as the simplest and most efficient for the isparticularly well adapted to the requilepurpose for which it isintended, my invenments of a milking machine pulsator as the tion is notlimited thereto but the principle operation of the valve is practicallyinstanthereof may be carried out in various ways. taneous and no `timeis wasted in the change In Fi 8 `and 9, for instance, I have illusfromthe condition of suction or release. of trate a modification of theinvention in external pressure in the teat cup in which which I employa. iston reciprocating in a thernilk is drawnfrom the teat and the conlclinder in place o? the flexible diaphragm. dition of pressure or squeezeupon the teat. Iii accordance with this construction, the This permitsboth of these periods to be of pulsator casing 30 is formed at its lowerthe reatest possible duration in proportion end into a" cylinder 80 inwhich reciproto t e number of pulsations per minute, cates a iston 81aflixed to an extension 82 which makes for efficiency and permits the ofthe p unger 47. Atmospheric pressure is maximum rate of flow of milk -tobe obat all times admitted through afport 43 to tained while providingadequate relief to the space below the piston. Opening into the teatsand so avoiding injury to the cow. the It is most always desirable tohave the re- 56, 57 controlled by an ad'usting screw 59, lease 0f theSqueeze 11P0I1, the teat as quick as above described. The pulsatorcasing conas possible as no advantage is gained by re-/tains the valves65' and 67 and associated lieving. the pressure graduall In 'some partswhich o erate in the same manner as cases, however, itis not desira leto apply the corres on ing parts shown in Figs. 2, pressure to the teattoo quickl and the con- 3 and 4. he piston is caused to move u structiondescribed provides or the adj'ustward when the air is exhausted from 'te ment of ythe rate of pressure, whereby the cylinder through thepassage 56, 57 and is compression may be made as gradual as is returnedto its lower position by a spring desired. This is accomplished byadjusting 83 when the pressure is equalized by the enthe disk on the cap69 so as to artl trance of air through the opened valve 67. close theair inlets. As has been exp aine In orderto prevent the fpiston fromstarting the squeeze caused by the collapsing -offthev Yupwardly beforethe air has been suflicientl. is produced by admittin air exhausted fromabove it, means are provide at atmos heric pressure to the outer c amforinterposing an initial resistance to its bers of t e teat cups, whilethe suction conmovement, corresponding with the resistance tinues to beapplied to the inner chambers. provided by the resilient diaphragm inthe As the air admitted for this urpose enters vfirst form of theinvention. In the conthrough the holes in the cap, t e retardationstruction illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, this of this air supply willevidently make the resistance is rovided bymeans of balls 84 squeezegradua mounted in c ambers 85 in the cylinder wall cylinder above thepiston is a passage The puppet valve construction set forth and urgedagainst the piston by springs 86.

eration' over` prior constructions employed 87 w receive the balls whenthe iston .is asmilking machine pulsator valves or for in its initial orlowest position, ass ownin `possesses certain advantages in mode of op-The iston' is rovided with shallow recesses y Fig. 8. The balls keepvthe piston from mov-A may be employed in connection with an op-l eratingor reciprocating device of a different character, from those abovedescribed. For purposes of illustration, I haveshown these valves asapplied to a vacuum operated reciprocating mechanism of the charactershown in the patent of Macartney, No. 1,270,429, June `25, 1918,. forpulsator for milking machines. This reciprocalting mechanism is reallynothing but a simplel form of vacuum motor and comprises briey.

a piston VY90, working in a cylinder 91 and having a piston rod 92 whichactuates the,

valve stem 49 carrying the valves 65 'and' 67. A passageway 93, shown indotted lines, leads from a port 94 in the lower part of the c linder toa port 95 in a valve seat on the slderof the casing. Another passageway96 leads from the upper end of the cylinder to a second port 97 in thevalve seat. A third passage 98 leads from the passage 57, which 1sconnected by a passage 56* to the suction chamber 50, this passage 98terminating in a third port 99 in the valve seatlocatedbetween the ports95 and 97. The port 99 is thus constantly in communication with thesource of vacuum. An oscillating valve 100v is pivotedat 101, so as toslide back and forth over the valve seat and is provided in its innerface with a recess (not shown)y of the form described in said Macartneypatent, which is arranged to place the port 99' alternately incommunication with the ports 95 and 97, that one of thel last-namedports which at lany time is not in communication with th`e port 99 beingopen to thev atmosphere. In the position of the parts shown in Fig- 9,the valve l100 is covering the ports 95 and 99so as to establlshcommunication between them, while the port 97 is open to the atmosphere.The effect of this is to exhaust the air through the passage 98, port99, recess in the valve, port 95 and passage 93 from below the plstonwhile air at atmospheric pressure enters the 'port 97 and passes throughthe passage 96` vinto the cylinder above the piston. In other words,with the parts in the position shown, the piston is about to start `onits downward movement. f

In order to reverse the position of the valve 100 so as to cause theiston to reciprocate, movement is transmitted from the ywill swing theplun piston rod 92 to thevalve by means of a pin 102 which is mounted inthe rod and rojects through a slot in the wall of the casing, the end ofthis lever 104. he latter is o ratively connected with the valve 100llie means of a plunger 105 pivoted to the va ve at 106 and ythe outerend vof which extends through a hole ln'the lever. A spring 107 ismounted v y7&5

on this plunger and transmits a yieldin pressure from the lever to thelunger an valve. A link 108 pivoted to tiie casing at 109 is swungbackand forth through a small angle about its pivot by the action of the pm102 -in a cam slot 110 in the upper part of the link: The link `isprovided with a notch 11 1, whlch is adapted to engage alternately withthe projections 112 on the valve 100, so as to lock the latteragainst'movement until the proper time.l When the piston moves inworking in a slot -103 in a down, it will be seen that the pin 102 alsomoves down carrying with it the lever 104- and the outer 4end of thelunger 105. This r a out the pivot 106 untlllt passesy the ead center,whereupon late the valve 100 upwardl thereby connectingv the port' 97with t e port 99 and Athe-spring 107 will cause the plunger to oscillopeningv the port to the atmosphere. This will reverse conditions in thecylinder and' cause the piston to move upwardly. A re-y eiprocatingmovement will thus be roduced as descrlbed in the application ofarcartney above referred to and this reciprocating` movement willactuate the valves 65 and 67,

cups .or whatever else is'connected to the nipples 24. Obviously thevalves 65 and 67 can be reciprocated by the use of any other appro riatemechanism.

In ig.' 11, I have shown another construction embodying certain featuresof my invention in modified form and illustrating the applicability ofthe invention to the production of a reciprocatory movement which may beutilized externally of the pulsating device itself. AS here illustrated,the pulsator casing 30b is without any connection to external passagesin which vacuum and pressure are to be pulsated. y The device is shownas provided withl the diaphragm 37 which actuates the plunger 47, thelatter carrying a modified form of valve stem 49, the upper part ofwhich is reduced in .diameter as indicated at 120, so as to provide ashoulder 121 above the valve 65. A valve 67 is employed which performsthe functions ofthe valve 67` heretofore described but which has anopeningv extending entirely through it, through which the reducedportion 120 of the valve stem projects. The valve 67a is lifted from itsseat by. the engagementl of the shoulder 121 with its underside. Nonipples 24 or other connections from the chamber 51 to any externalsource are pro- 100 sofas to cause a pulsated pressure in the teatciprocating movement of the valve stem extension 120 will thusbeproduced, which may be ein loyed flor any desired purpose.

In lgs. 12 and 13, I have shown another modilication of my inventionillustratin a construction in which the suction is applied alternately uon opposite sides of the diaphra so t at the latter is forcibly propellefirst in one direction and then in the other by the pressure differenceupon the op site faces thereof. In'accordance with this construction, itis not necessa to rely upon the use of springs or the resi iency of thediaphragm to move the same in one direction. The constructionillustrated also provides for the o eration of two sets of teat cups orpairs o -teat cups of a single set, alternately. As shown two ulsatorcasings 30 are arranl d end toen ,clamping between them t e diaphragm37. Each of the casings contains chambers and passages arrangedsubstantially as in the construction shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. v Eachof the cas-1 ings alsocontains a pair of valves 65 and 67 mounted on avalve stem 49 carried by a lun r 47. The two plun ers 47 are of suchengtli5 andso arranged t at they normally bear at all times againstopposite sides of the diaphragm. The two suction chambers 50 areconnected to the vacuum pipe by means of a Y-connection 122. Each of thechambers 51 is connected bymeans ofv passages 56 and 57 with the basechamber 36 at one side of the diaphragm and openin into each chamber 51is a nip le 24. 'Iie pulsator casings are illustrated) as mounted inhorizontal position uponv supports 123 lon the milk pail cover 2. Inoperation, the parts being in the position shown in Fig. 13, the airwill be exhausted from the chamber 50 of the left-hand pulsator and asthe left-y hand valve is open, the air will be exhausted from theleft-hand chamber 51 and through the nipple 24 from the outer chambersof ,the teat cups connectedwith said nip le the air also being exhaustedfrom the aft-hand chamber 36, through the passages 56, 57. AttheSametime, it will be seen that in the right-hand` pulsator the valve 65is closed and thefvalve 67 opened. The air is thus admitted to theright-hand chamber 51 and to the outer chambers of the teat cupsconnected with the right-hand nipvple- 24 so that theteatsin thoseteat'cups are subjected to pressure. The air'is also 'permitted to passthrough-'thepassages .56,

sponding chamber 36. When this condition has existed for aV suflicientlength of time depending upon the adjustment of the screws 59, so thatthe pressure difference between the two chambers'36 has becomesuilicient to overcome\tlie resistance to movement of the diaphragm, thediaphra will be forced over to its opposite position thereb reversingthe condition of the va ves. ith'this construction a diaphragm ispreferabl employed which is so formed that it wil .tend to occupy eitherone of two positions of deformation, one of which is illustrated in Fig.13. Upon .sufficient pressure being applied to the diaphragm, it willspring over 'from right to left and occupy a second position of reversecurvature from the first. By connecting wo sets of teat cups to the twonipples -24, it will be seen that the pulsations will occur alternatelyin the two sets instead of simultaneously as in the construction shownin Figs. 1 to 4, so that the work will bemore or less equalized and theeffort reuniform.V

, In-Figs. land 6, I have shown a handlel construction adapted to beyattached to a milking machine pulsator, which is strong, f attractivein appearance and at the same time exceedingly simple and inexpensive tomanufacture. gle strip of sheetnetal 125, which is formed is handlecomprises asinbv suitable dies, so as to provide a concave hand gripportion 126. Hooks '127 also preferably formed of sheet metal and weldedor otherwisev suitably attached to the ends of the handle, are provided.for supporting the l claws and teat cups when not inuse.

From the fore oing description of certain preferred embo iments of myinvention,:

which I have ,chosen to illustrate the principles thereof and the bestmode Anow known to m/e of ractising the invention, it will be seen thathave invented certain novell principles of construction and operation,which may be usefully embodied in a great variety vof structures. Itwill also be apparent that when expedient, some of the featuresof theinvention may be used without others. I therefore donot wish to beunderstood as limiting myself to the particular examplesI of theinvention set forth, as various changes and'modifications may be madetherein within the scope of the appended claims, without ldeparting fromthe spirit and scope ofthe invention.

Having thus described, my invention I cla-im:

1.' In vacuum operated pulsator mechanism, the combination-oa valve forcontrollingthe action of the vacuum and means operated b an unbalancedpressure condition produce by the vacuum for actuating said valve, saidmeans having an initial resistance to movement greater than itsresistance to continued movement after such initial resistance has beenovercome.

2. In a fluid pressureoperated pulsator, the combination of valve meansfor controlling the operating fluid, and means actuated by pressuredifference for movinsaid valve means, said actuating means eingconstructed to resist without substantial movement any pressurediiference less than a pressure difference suflicient to complete themovement of the valve means. v

3. In a pulsator, the combination of a diaphragm movable by atmosphericpressure acting upon one side thereof when av predetermined degree ofvacuum has been produced on the other side of said diaphragm, saiddiaphragm normally remaining stationary until such degree of vacuum isreached, and valve means operated by the movement of said diaphragm forcontrolling the application of the vacuum to the diaphragm.

4. In a pulsator, the combination of a casing having a motor chamberther'einf-ahlluid pressure operated valve actuatin diaphragm in saidchamber, said casingi ving a second chamber therein, valve means actu-,

. the connect1on of sa1d second chamber w1th a.

ated by said diaphragm for controll' source of vacuum and with theatmosphere respectively, and a fluid pressure connection between saidsecond chamber and said motor chamber.

5. In mechanism of the. character described, the combination of acasing, a movable pressure responsive element therein having an initial'resistance to movement greater than its resistance to continued movementafter said initial resistance has Ibeen overcome, means for admittingatmospheric pressure to said casing at one side of said element, asource of vacuum, a connection from the the source of vacuum to a spacein said casing on the other side of said element and valve meansactuated by the movement of said element for connecting said spacealternately with the source of vacuum and with` the atmosphere;

6. In fluid operated pulsator mechanism; the combination of valve meansfor 'controlling the operating {'luidand means for moving said valvemeans including a flexible resilient metal diaphragm. y

7. In fluid operated pulsator mechanism, the combination of valve meansfor controlling the operating fluid and means for moving said valvemeans including a flexible resilient metal diaphragm having an initialconformation convex to the direction of application of the operatingressurre.

8. In mechanism of t e character described, the combination of a casinghaving a diaphragm chamber therein, a resilient movements of saiddiaphragm for controlling the connections between said inlet chamber andsaid suction chamber and between said inlet chamber and the atmosphere.

9. In a pulsator, the combination of a casing having a diaphragm chambertherein, a

` iiexible diaphragm in said chamber, said casing vhaving a secondchamber, valves for controlling the connection of said second cham-` beralternately with the atmosphere and with a s ource of-vacuum, anoperative connection from said diaphragm to said valves for operatingthe latter, means providmg a openairainlet for. admitting air atatmosphere. pressure to the diaphragm chamber at one side of thediaphragm, a fluid connection from the diaphragm chamber at the otherside of the diaphragm to said second chamber, and an adjusting valve forcontrolling the passage of fluid through said l last-named connection.

10. In a milking machiney pulsator, the

vcombination of a casing containing a diav for controlling theconnectionbetween the suction and inlet chambers, a valve forcontrolling the connection between the inlet andI air chambers, andmeans operated by the movements of saidu flexible diaphragm foractuating said valves to connect said inlet chamber alternately withsaid suction chamber and said air chamber.

' 1 1. In amilking machine,the combination of double chambered teatcups, means for connecting the inner chambers of the ycups with iasource of vacuum, and means for pulsating a vacuum and atmosphericpressure al,- ternately in the outer chambers of the cups, saidlast-named means including puppet valves and fluid operated actuatingmeans therefor, said pup et valves also controlling the action of t euid on said fluid operated valve actuatin means.

12. In a .mi king machine, the combina-4 tion of double chambered teatcups, means for creating a suction in the inner chambers of the cups andmeans for producing alternate pulsations of. suction and pressure in theouter chambers of the cups, said lasttion of double chambered teat cups,means ports opening into said pulsation chamber,

for exhausting the air from the inner chambers of the cups, a pulsator-for controlling thev exhaust from or admission of air to the outerchambers of the cups, said pulsator having an air inlet port, and meansfor controlling the port openin so as to determine the rate at which airall be adm-itted to the outer chambers of the teat cups for applyin thesqueeze to the teats.

14. n a pulsator, the combination of two valve seats, valves adapted toseat on said rse'atsand a movable actuating element for both of saidvalves, said element havin a yielding connection with one valve an alost-motion connection with the other valve. V15. In a pulsator,thecmbination of a pair of oppositely facin valve seats, a valve Stem, apuppet valve sldin ly mounted on said valve stem and adap of saidseats,a spring carried by said valve Stem and .engaging said valve, 'asecond puppet valve adapted to 'seat on the second of said valve seats,and an abutment on said valve stem for engaging said second valvey andlifting it from its seat.

16. In a vacuum operated milking machine pulsator, the combinationoa-casi having a pulsationv chamber therein an a nipple for theattachment of a pulsaton pipe opening into said pulsation chamber,puppet valves for closing said ports,'.and

' means -for alternately opening and closing said valves, said meansacting to close the open valve before opening the closed valve,

whereby both of said valves are never simul.

taneously open.

17. In a pulsator, the combination of a casing having a suction chambertherein, an

inlet chamber openinginto said suctionl chamber, and an air' chamberopening'into said inlet chamber, valve seats surrounding the openingsbetween the suction chamber and inlet chamber, and inlet chamber and airchamber, respectively, a valve stem extending through said chambers, avalve slidably mounted on said Stem and adapted to to seat on one seatagainst the seat between said suction chamber and inlet chamber, aspring carried by said valve stem and adapted to engage said valve andmove it against its seat, a valve' adapted to close upon the seat be- 70tical bore,- a diaphragm mounted in said chamber and clamped betweensaid casing and said support, a plunger mounted in said casing carryinga valve stem extending into sa1d bore, the lower end of said plungeryengagmg said dlaphragm, a valve seat dividing sa1d bore into a suctionchamber and an 85 inlet chamber, a second valve seat at the upper end ofsaid inlet chamber, puppet valves mounted on said valve stem adaptedv toengage said seats, and a fluid connection l between said inlet chamberand said diaphragm chamber.

19. In a pulsator, the combination ofk a casing havingr a chamber in thelower part thereof, and a vertical bore, a diaphragm.v

mounted transverselyf of said chamber2 a 95 plunger mounted inthe`,casing and having a valve stem extending upwardly through saidbore, the lower end of said plunger engaging said diaphragm, said borehaving a pair ofvalve seats the-rein dividing the same into a suctionchamber, an inlet chamber and an air chamber, a puppet valve slidinglymounted on'said valve stem and adapt-` ed to seat vupwardly against thelower of .said valve seats,.aspr1ng carried by said 105y .plunger forsupporting said puppet valve,

a second puppet valve slidingly mounted on said valve stem and adaptedltorseat downwardly on the upper of said valve seats, an

abutment 'on said valve stem adapted to en- 110 gage said upper puppetvalve and lift the same from lts seat,*and a fluid connection betweensaid inlet chamber and said diaphragm chamber. I

20. La milking machine, the combination 116 of a pail lid, apulsatorthereon, a vacuum pipe connected to said pulsaton a. check valve housingconstituting a connection from the vacuum pipe to an openi in the lid,and a check valve mounted in said hous- 120 ing, said check valve beingremovable without removal of the vacuum pipe or check valve housin 21.In a milking machine, the combination `of La pail lid, a pulsatormounted thereon, a 12I housing, and a check valve slidably mounted 1s insaid bushing and adapted to be inserted into or removed from its housingby longitudinal movement through said bushing.

22.- In a milking machine, the combination of a pail lid, a pulsatormounted thereon, a vacuum pipe connected with said pulsator, a branchconnected with said vacuum pipe and extending from the'same to the paillid, a bushing mounted in said vacuu'ln pipe opposite to the opening insaid branch pipe, a check valve seat in the lid at the lower end of saidbranch pipe, and a check valve slidingly mounted 1n said bushing andadapted to seat on said valve seat.

23. In a milking machine, the combination of a pail lid, a pulsatormounted thereon, said pail lid havlng an opening through it, a bus ingmounted in said openin and having a port therethrough surrounde by avalve seat and having a recess in its upper side around said valve seat,a horizontally disposed vacuum pipe projecting from said pulsator abovesaid pail 11d, a branch pipe connected to said vacuum pipe and extendingsubstantially at right angles tothe same toward said pail lid, the endof said branch pipe being received in the recess in the bushing in thepail lid, and a vertically movable check valve within said branch pipeadapted to seat on the valve seat in said bushing.

24. In a milkin machine, the combination of a pail lidiaving a seat fora pulsator thereon and a seat for a check valve housing, a ulsatorhaving a suction pipe rojecting t erefrom carrymg a check valve ousing,and means for securing said pulsator to its seat on the pail lid, thelower end of said check valve housing being held in engagement with itsseat by reason of its connection with thesuction pipe and the pulsator.

25. In a milking machine, the combination of a pail lid, a bushingtherein having a seat for a check valve housing and a seat for the checkvalve, a pulsator mounted on thepail lid, a suction pipe projecting fromthe pulsator, a check valve housing carried by the suction pipe andadapted to seat at its lower end on its seat in the pail lid bushing, acheck valve in said housing adapted to seat on the check valve seat inthe pail lid bushing, an opening in the suction pipe opposite to thecheck valve housing through which the check lvalve may be inserted/orremoved without disturbing the suction pipe or checkv valve housing, andmeans for closing said opening.

'26. In a milking machine, the combination of a milk pail and ar lidthereon having a seat on top thereof, a pulsator casing secured to saidseat, a flexible metal diaphragm clamped between the lower end of saidcasing and said seat, said casing having a chamber in the lower endthereof in which said diaphragm is contained, and having a suctionchamber, an inlet chamber and an air chamber therein, said inlet chamberbeing connected with said suction chamber and said air chamber, a nippleconnected with said inlet chamber, an adjustable air inlet for admittingatmospheric air to said air chamber, a passage-way connecting said inylet chamber with the chamber in the base of said casing above thediaphragm, a valve for controlling the passage of fluid through saidpassage-way, a vertically movable plunger mounted in said casing and adated to rest upon and be operated by sald diaphragm, a valve stem carriedby said pluner, valves on said valve stem for controlling t e openingsbetween said inlet chamber and said suction chamber and air chamberrespectively, a vacuum ipe connected to said suction chamber, a ranchconnecting said vacuum pipe with the interior of the milk pail and acheck valve in said branch.

27. In a fluid pressure operated ulsator the combination of valve meansor controlling the operating fluid and means for moving said valve meansincluding a flexible resilient diaphragm of suiicient stiffness tonormally maintaln a given initial conformation and to return to suchconformation after i'lexure.

28. In vacuum operated pulsator mechanism the combination of valve meansfor controlling the action of the vacuum, means forming a chamberadapted to be intermittently connected with the source of vacuum, avalve actuating motor yelement in said chamber having an initialresistance to movement and adapted to be moved by a predeterminedpressure difference produced' by the exhaustion of said chamber, thevolume of said chamber being sufficient as comparedwith the movement ofSaid motor element to permit the latter to move to the limit of itsstroke without restoring the pressure equilibrium thereon when themovement of said element is once initiated by the attainment of thepredetermined pressure difference.

29. In a Huid pressure operated pulsator, the combination of valve meansfor controlling the operating fluid and actuating devices therefor,capable of actuation in one direction by a pressure difference, saidactuating devices being constructed to provide an initial resistance tomovement in said direction greater than the resistance to movement aftersuch initial resistance has been overcome and to return to initialpositition upon the decrease of the pressure' difference. f

30. In a fluid pressure operated pulsator, the combination of valvemeans for controlling the operating fluid, an actuating diaphragmltherefor and means for creating an unbalanced pressure condition uponopposite sides of said diaphragm prior to the movement thereof suiicientto complete the movement of the diaphragm when such movement is onceinitiated, said diaphragm having a tendency to resume its initialposition as soon as said unbalanced pressure condition is destroyed.

31. In a fluid pressure operated pulsator, the combination of valvemeans for controlling the operating fluid, and means actuated bypressure differences for controlling the operation of said valve means,said actuating means being constructed to resist movement until apredetermined pressure diiference is attained and then to move instantlyfrom one of its operative positions to the other thereof. v

32. In a fluid pressure o rated pulsator,

- the combination of a resi ient disphragm normally flexed in onedirection an adapted to be flexed in the opposite direction when thepressure upon the opposite sides thereof is unbalanced, and valve meansadapted to be actuated by said diaphragm only upon reversal of theflexure thereo 33. In a fluid pressure operated pulsator, thecombination of a motor element, a valve stem adapted to be actauatedthereby, and lift valves carried by said valve stem, said stein havin ayielding connection with one of said va -ves and having a non-yieldinglost motion connection with the other of said valves.

34. In a fluidpressure operated pulsator the combination of a motorelement, two valve seats, lift valves adapted to seat on said seats an'da valve stem adapted to be actuated by said motor element, said valvestem passing throu h an openin in one of said valves and aving a yieling connection therewith and havin a lost motion connection with theother va ve.

35. In a pulsator, the combination of an actuating diaphragm, a valvestem adapted to be actuated thereby, and a pluralityof puppet yvalvescarrie y saidv valve stem, one of said valves having a yieldingconnection with said valve stem and the other of said valves havin a.nonielding lost motion connection wit said va ve stem.

36. A milking machine pulsator, including a casing having an air inletchamber therein, a perforated cover for said inlet chamber, a pulsationchamber in said casing, a nipple for the attachment of a pulsation pipeopening into said ulsation chamber, a ort between the air inlet chamberand pu sation chamber, a valve seat around said port, said casing alsohaving a suction chamer therein, a port between said pulsation andsuction chambers, a valve seat around said port, puppet valves adaptedto seat on said respective valve seats, and motor means within saidcasing for alternately opening and closing said valves.

37. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a pulsation.chamber therein, a port for admitting air'to said pulsation chamber, apuppet valve for governin the admission of air to said chamber throusaid port, said valve having a recess therein, a valve stem fittingloosely in said recess, and means for reci rocating said valve stem toactuate said va ve so as to alternately open and close said port.

38. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having an air inletchamber therein, and a pulsation chamber below said inlet chamber, anipple for the attachment of a pulsation pipe opning into said pulsationchamber, a port tween said air chamber and ulsation chamber, the bottomof the air et chamber around said port forming a substantiallyhorizontal valve seat, a cap-like puppet valve adapted to seat on saidvalve seat and having a recess'in its underside, a substantiallyverticall mounted valve stem, the upper end of w ich projects into saidrecess, and motor means for reciprocating said valve stem to actuatesaid valve so as to cause the valve to alternately be lifted from orpermitted to seat upon said valve seat.

39. A milking machine pulsator including a casing, having a pulsationchamber therein and a suction chamber below said pulsation chamber, saidcasing having a port therein connecting said suction and ulsationchambers, a puppet valve for c osing said port, a substantially verticalvalve stem upon which said valve is mounted and motor means forreciprocating said valve stem to cause said valve to alternately openand close said port.

40. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a motor chambertherein, a motor element in said chamber, a pulsation chamber formed insaid casing, said casing having a port opening into said pulsationchamber, a puppet valve for closing said port, and a reciprocating valvestem for actuating said valve, said stem extending into the motorchamber and ada ted to' be reci rocated byl engagement wit i said motore ement.

41. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a motor chamberthereinz a motor member movable in said casing, said casing having asuction chamber therein above said motor chamber, and having a pilsationchamber above saidsuction chamr and having a port connectin said suctionand pulsation chambers, a su ntially vertical valve stem mounted for upand down reciprocation and having its lower end extending into saidmotor chamber, said valve 'stem extending upwardly through said suctionchamber and said port, and a puppet valve carried by said stem andadapted to be actuated by the movement thereof, so as to alternatelyopen and close said port.

42. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a pulsationchamber therein, a Wall of said chamber having a port openin therein andbeing formed to provide a su stantially horizontal valve seat, a puppetvalve ada ted to seat against said seat, a substantially vertical valvestem loosely engaging said valve for actuating the same, and means forreciprocating said valve stem.

4:3. A milking machine pulsator including a casing having a pulsationchamber .therein, the 'casing wall above said chamber havlng an inletport opening into said chamber and providing a substantially horizontalvalve seat surrounding the upper end of saidlport, a puppet valve havingan annular portion adapted to seat on said valve seat, and having acentral boss having a' recess opening from the underside thereof, and avertical reciprocable valve stem, the upper end of which is adapted tobe loosely received in said rece, whereby when said valve stem israised, it will lift said valve from its seat, and when lowered willpermit said valve to firmly close upon its seat.

HERBERT MCCORNACK.

